ISSN 0303-5212
 

Original Research 


A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia

Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, Kun-Yang Chuang, Rakhmad Rosadi.

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the correlation between predictors (social support, resilience, and stigma) and depression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Malang over one year of study.
Methodology: Initially, 634 persons consented to participate. After one year of follow-up, there were 496 remained (June 2020 to September 2021). Baseline questions measured were sociodemographic characteristics, medications, social support, resilience, stigma and depression. After one-year of follow-up, multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between predictors and depression.
Results: The multivariate logistic regression showed that social support, resilience, and stigma were significant predictors of depression (p<0.05). Patients with higher levels of social support and resilience were 0.92 and 0.91 less likely to be depressed, respectively. Participants with a higher stigma were 1.04 times more likely to suffer from depression.
Conclusion: Worsening depressing within one-year of follow-up might significantly be correlated with increasing stigma, less resilience, and less of social support. Therefore, this study’s results might give a significant recommendation for the Government for developing HIV policy, which also addressing their mental health issue through maintaining their social support and resilience, and minimalizing stigma against PLHIV.

Key words: Depression, HIV, AIDS, social support, stigma.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Wardojo SSI, Chuang K, Rosadi R. A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. RMJ. 2022; 47(4): 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408


Web Style

Wardojo SSI, Chuang K, Rosadi R. A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=129848 [Access: December 04, 2023]. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408


AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Wardojo SSI, Chuang K, Rosadi R. A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. RMJ. 2022; 47(4): 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Wardojo SSI, Chuang K, Rosadi R. A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. RMJ. (2022), [cited December 04, 2023]; 47(4): 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



Harvard Style

Wardojo, S. S. I., Chuang, . K. & Rosadi, . R. (2022) A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. RMJ, 47 (4), 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



Turabian Style

Wardojo, Sri Sunaringsih Ika, Kun-Yang Chuang, and Rakhmad Rosadi. 2022. A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. Rawal Medical Journal, 47 (4), 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



Chicago Style

Wardojo, Sri Sunaringsih Ika, Kun-Yang Chuang, and Rakhmad Rosadi. "A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia." Rawal Medical Journal 47 (2022), 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Wardojo, Sri Sunaringsih Ika, Kun-Yang Chuang, and Rakhmad Rosadi. "A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia." Rawal Medical Journal 47.4 (2022), 796-802. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408



APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Wardojo, S. S. I., Chuang, . K. & Rosadi, . R. (2022) A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia. Rawal Medical Journal, 47 (4), 796-802. doi:10.5455/rmj.129848.20221115121408