Obstructive sleep apnea in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Huma Afzal; Nauman Ismat Butt; Fahmina Ashfaq; Osama Habib; Aniqa Anser; Sabeen Aftab

Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from November 2020 to April 2021 enrolling 150 diabetic patients through non-probability consecutive sampling. OSA was labeled if polysomnography showed apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥ 5/hour along-with witnessed snoring, nocturnal choking episodes, excessive daytime sleepiness, disturbed sleep and hypertension or AHI alone is >15. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to WHO criteria as fasting blood sugar level >7 mmol/l or random blood sugar >126 mg/dl on 2 separate occasions. Particulars of the patients were recorded following which detailed history and physical examination was done. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.
Results: Out of 150 patients, 96 (64.0%) were males and 54 (36.0%) females. Mean age was 38.2+6.7 years with 52 (34.67%) between the ages of 18-30 years while 98 (65.33%) were aged 31-60 years. Forty-four (29.3%) patients had disease duration <5 years whereas 106 (70.7%) had duration >5 years. BMI of less than 25 kg/m2 was seen in 34 (22.6%) while BMI more than 25 kg/m2 in 116 (77.4%). OSA was seen in 38.6% patients. On stratification, OSA was not significantly associated with age, gender, duration of disease or BMI.
Conclusion: OSA was found in 4 out of 10 type-II Diabetes mellitus patients.

Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, polysomnography.

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