Optimism, perceived control, and resilient coping in women with lobular and ductal carcinoma: Do stages of carcinoma make a difference!

Hina Sultan; Muhammad Naeem Javed; Ghulam Ishaq

Abstract
Objective: To examine that indirect effect of resilient coping between optimism and perceived control as moderated by stage 0 to stage 3 of lobular and ductal carcinoma among women.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Anmol Cancer Hospital from December 2021 to May 2022. A purposive sample of 261 breast cancer women including lobular carcinoma in situ, 19(7.27%); Ductal carcinoma in situ 32(12.26%); Invasive lobular carcinoma, 34(13.03%); Invasive ductal carcinoma, 176(67.43%) with mean age 39.50+2.01 years, was taken. Demographic Information was recorded and Revised Life Orientation Test, Brief Resilient Coping Scale, and Focus of Perceived Control Scale were used. The data were analyzed through SPSS v3.5.
Results: Out of 261 women, 51(19.54%) were diagnosed with stage 0, 86(32.95%) 1, 55(21.07%) 2, and 69 (26.43%) stage 3 breast cancer. The direct effects of optimism and resilient coping were found on perceived control over physical symptoms, emotions, medical care, cancer outcomes and life in general (p<0.0001). There was a significant moderating role of stage 0 and 1 to exert a mediating effect of resilient coping between optimism and perceived control (β=-.12, (p=.000); β=-.11, (p=.000) but not for those followed by stage 2 and 3.
Conclusion: Resilient coping yields a buffering effect between optimism and perceived control among breast cancer patients at stage 0 and 1but such effects could not be observed at stage 2 and 3. Thus, mental health practitioners are recommended to improve the coping skills of patients with disease severity who gradually lose their capabilities to combat with ailment.

Key words: Ductal and lobular carcinoma, optimism, perceived control, resilient coping, stages of carcinoma.

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