Abstract
Objective: To assess the risk-reduction of cardiovascular complications in patients of type-II diabetes through standardized tools of evidenced-based-medicine.
Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at outpatient care-centers. The study included 200 patients and duration was July-2019 to June-2020. For the treatment of type-II diabetes, patients have taken either allopathic, herbal, homeopathic and/or combination systems of medicine. Endpoints of study were any cardiovascular-outcome; myocardial-infarction, hypertension, angina-pectoris, heart-failure, stroke, thrombo-embolism, coronary-artery disease, cardiac-arrhythmia.
Results: Relative-risk-reduction (RRR) of cardiovascular complications as per treatment duration <1 years allopathic system v/s homoeopathic: 62.12%, Number-Needed-to-Treat (NNT)≈5.0; RRR in 5.10-7.0 years allopathic system v/s herbal: 54%, NNT≈2.0; RRR in 7.10-10.0 years allopathic system v/s herbal: 30%, NNT≈7.0; allopathic-system v/s combination: 50%, NNT≈3.0; RRR in 10.10-15.0 years allopathic-system v/s combination: 24%, NNT≈8.0; RRR in 15.10-20.0 years allopathic-system v/s combination: 16%, NNT≈6.0; RRR in 20.10-25.0 years allopathic-system v/s combination: 67%, NNT≈2.0. Patients took diet of low-calorie; RRR by allopathic-system v/s combination: 1.25%, NNT≈222. In combination systems; RRR by allopathic herbal system v/s allopathic homoeopathic: 49.36%, NNT≈7.
Conclusion: In short-term treatment (<5 years), risk reduction of cardiovascular complications was better with alternative medicines compared to allopathic system. However, in long-term treatment (>5 years), risk-reduction of cardiovascular complications was better in allopathic-system compared to alternative system of medicine.

Key words: Cardiovascular, chronic complications, diabetes mellitus, number-needed-to-treat, relative-risk-reduction.