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Original Research 
RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 596-598


Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study

Umara Gul Khalid, Ayisha Zahid, Faiza Akhtar, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, Liaqat ullah Khan.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population.
Methodology: Controls were those patients who presented to outpatient department for refraction only. Controls were evaluated by an ophthalmologist and was declared as having no signs of keratoconus. Controls was age and sex matched. A pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire was used. Questionnaire was in English language. The questionnaire covers risk factors including ocular allergies, local and systemic diseases. All the information was entered into SPSS 20.
Results: A total of 60 sample sizes were used out of which 30 were keratoconus patients and 30 were general patients presenting Eye OPD. Data of 30 patients were taken having keratoconus and 30 controls were compared with them with corneal scarring/opacity as a risk factor.
Conclusion: Ocular allergy, which proved to be the most potent factor as it is featured with vigorous rubbing of eye, corneal scarring is also related to eye rubbing followed by inflammations of the cornea while asthma was associated with breathing problems and consequently sleeping disorders.

Key words: Vernal keratoconjuctivitis, Down Syndrome, corneal scaring, corneal opacity.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Khalid UG, Zahid A, Akhtar F, Ashraf MA, Khan Lu. Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 596-598.

Web Style

Khalid UG, Zahid A, Akhtar F, Ashraf MA, Khan Lu. Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=171660 [Access: September 13, 2024].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Khalid UG, Zahid A, Akhtar F, Ashraf MA, Khan Lu. Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. RMJ. 2024; 49(3): 596-598.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Khalid UG, Zahid A, Akhtar F, Ashraf MA, Khan Lu. Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. RMJ. (2024), [cited September 13, 2024]; 49(3): 596-598.


Harvard Style

Khalid, U. G., Zahid, . A., Akhtar, . F., Ashraf, . M. A. & Khan, . L. u. (2024) Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. RMJ, 49 (3), 596-598.


Turabian Style

Khalid, Umara Gul, Ayisha Zahid, Faiza Akhtar, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, and Liaqat ullah Khan. 2024. Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (3), 596-598.


Chicago Style

Khalid, Umara Gul, Ayisha Zahid, Faiza Akhtar, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, and Liaqat ullah Khan. "Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study." Rawal Medical Journal 49 (2024), 596-598.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Khalid, Umara Gul, Ayisha Zahid, Faiza Akhtar, Muhammad Arslan Ashraf, and Liaqat ullah Khan. "Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study." Rawal Medical Journal 49.3 (2024), 596-598. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Khalid, U. G., Zahid, . A., Akhtar, . F., Ashraf, . M. A. & Khan, . L. u. (2024) Risk factors for keratoconus in Pakistani population: A case control study. Rawal Medical Journal, 49 (3), 596-598.


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