Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise training on glycemic control and levels of lipid among diabetic patients.
Methodology: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in Upper Nile University, Sudan from January 2022 to April 2023. It was registered on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (the registration reference is IRCT20230827059278N1). Forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were allocated to the intervention group from the Jaber Abuelez Diabetic Center and Sameer Primary Healthcare Center, and the control group was taken from Tooty Primary Healthcare Center and Shambat Primary Healthcare Center. For a whole year, the intervention group had exercise instruction. Lipd profile and HgA1c were assessed before and after the exercise training to evaluate the effect. SPSS was used to analyze the data.
Results: Exercise training resulted in a significant decrease in levels of triglycerides (-42.11, p<0.05), LDL (-8.92, p<0.05), HDL (+4.5 for males and +8.96 for females, p<0.05), and HbA1c (mean difference: -0.6, p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in LDL (-10.22, p<0.05), HbA1c (-0.69, p<0.05), and triglycerides (-33.07, p<0.01).
Conclusion: The exercise training is a useful strategy for maintaining lipid profiles and controlling blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, exercise training, lipid profile, HbA1c, glycemic control.