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2025, Vol: 50, Issue: 2
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Original Research 


Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice

Asti Kristianti, Abdul Kadir, Masyita Gaffar, Agussalim Bukhari.


Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of modified hearing protection device (modified HPD) and compare it with standard HPD against impulsive noise reduction with very high intensity.
Methodology: This quantitative study used a pretest-posttest with control group design. Randomization was conducted for the placement of subjects in the standard hearing protection group (control) and the modified HPD group using block permutation. The sample size is determined for a two-treatment hypothesis test. Minimum subjects in each group were 20 people. Chi Square test was used to compare changes in DPOAE results between the standard APP group and the modified APP group. McNemar's test was used to determine the difference in DPOAE results before and after shooting practice.
Results: The DPOAE refer after the Howitzer 105 cannon shooting training was obtained from the group of soldiers using standard HPD (foam earplugs) with 10 soldiers (50%) and from the group of soldiers using modified HPD with 3 soldiers (15%). The group using the standard HPD has a 5.667 times higher risk of outer cochlear hair cell damage (DPOAE refer result) compared to the group using the modified HPD.
Conclusion: The use of modified HPD for Howitzer 105 shooting practice had a lower risk of damage to outer hair cells in the cochlea.

Key words: Acoustic trauma, hearing protection device, Howitzer 105 cannon, otoacoustic emissions.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Kristianti A, Kadir A, Gaffar M, Bukhari A. Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. RMJ. 2025; 50(2): 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728

Web Style

Kristianti A, Kadir A, Gaffar M, Bukhari A. Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=236151 [Access: May 12, 2025]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Kristianti A, Kadir A, Gaffar M, Bukhari A. Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. RMJ. 2025; 50(2): 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Kristianti A, Kadir A, Gaffar M, Bukhari A. Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. RMJ. (2025), [cited May 12, 2025]; 50(2): 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


Harvard Style

Kristianti, A., Kadir, . A., Gaffar, . M. & Bukhari, . A. (2025) Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. RMJ, 50 (2), 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


Turabian Style

Kristianti, Asti, Abdul Kadir, Masyita Gaffar, and Agussalim Bukhari. 2025. Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (2), 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


Chicago Style

Kristianti, Asti, Abdul Kadir, Masyita Gaffar, and Agussalim Bukhari. "Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Kristianti, Asti, Abdul Kadir, Masyita Gaffar, and Agussalim Bukhari. "Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice." Rawal Medical Journal 50.2 (2025), 418-422. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Kristianti, A., Kadir, . A., Gaffar, . M. & Bukhari, . A. (2025) Effect of modified hearing protection devices to cochlear function among Indonesian military personnel during a 105 Howitzer Cannon Shooting Practice. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (2), 418-422. doi:10.5455/rmj.20250105103728


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