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RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 977-981


Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan

Gulshan Muhammad Ali Himani, Shumaila Zeeshan Abedi, Kiran Abdul Sattar, Abida Munir Badini.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia and identify its associated factors in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done from March 2021 to April 2022, enrolling 132 children aged 6 to 59 months. A structured questionnaire comprising of two parts was administered by principal investigator. The first part included sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary practices. The second part of the questionnaire included health status of children and knowledge and dietary practices related to anemia prevention. Anemia was labelled when Hb <11 g/dL. Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests.
Results: Out of 132 children, 62 (47%) were males and 70 (53%) females. Mean weight was 9.51±2.98 kg and mean height was 77.39±13.93 cm. The average number of children in a household was approximately 4.19±2.03 (range 1-10). Anemia prevalence was 87.9%, with 25.8% mild, 58.3% moderate, and 3.8% severe cases. Low mid-upper arm circumference was associated significantly with anemia (p=0.03), while gender, parental education, and employment showed no significant associations.
Conclusion: There was alarmingly higher prevalence of anemia in this population. Nutritional education improves maternal awareness, and better access to iron-rich foods is required. Priority should be given to food security, supplementation, and deworming policies.

Key words: Anemia, children, primary care.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Himani GMA, Abedi SZ, Sattar KA, Badini AM. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 977-981.

Web Style

Himani GMA, Abedi SZ, Sattar KA, Badini AM. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=258098 [Access: October 30, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Himani GMA, Abedi SZ, Sattar KA, Badini AM. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. RMJ. 2025; 50(4): 977-981.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Himani GMA, Abedi SZ, Sattar KA, Badini AM. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. RMJ. (2025), [cited October 30, 2025]; 50(4): 977-981.


Harvard Style

Himani, G. M. A., Abedi, . S. Z., Sattar, . K. A. & Badini, . A. M. (2025) Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. RMJ, 50 (4), 977-981.


Turabian Style

Himani, Gulshan Muhammad Ali, Shumaila Zeeshan Abedi, Kiran Abdul Sattar, and Abida Munir Badini. 2025. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 977-981.


Chicago Style

Himani, Gulshan Muhammad Ali, Shumaila Zeeshan Abedi, Kiran Abdul Sattar, and Abida Munir Badini. "Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 50 (2025), 977-981.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Himani, Gulshan Muhammad Ali, Shumaila Zeeshan Abedi, Kiran Abdul Sattar, and Abida Munir Badini. "Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan." Rawal Medical Journal 50.4 (2025), 977-981. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Himani, G. M. A., Abedi, . S. Z., Sattar, . K. A. & Badini, . A. M. (2025) Prevalence of anemia and its determinants in children under 5 years of age at three primary care sites in Badin District, Pakistan. Rawal Medical Journal, 50 (4), 977-981.


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