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Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan

Reham Mohammed Alhajjaji, Rana Jabril Ahmadini, Ibrahim Abdallah Homedi, Wajdi Mhammad Mobarki, Fath Mohammed Refaei, Abrar Zaki Alomar.


Abstract
Objective: To evaluate pre- and postoperative anxiety among adults undergoing elective general surgery and to identify factors associated with preoperative anxiety.
Methodology: This descriptive comparative, hospital-based study was conducted at Ibrahim Malik, Bahri, and Omdurman Teaching Hospitals from November 2019 to February 2020. Out of 574 eligible patients, 230 adults were selected using stratified random sampling proportional to each hospital’s surgical caseload. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, associated factors, and anxiety levels using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, and chi-square tests were applied to examine associations between anxiety severity and demographic variables.
Results: The most frequently reported antecedents of preoperative anxiety were family concern (80.4%), fear of complications (79.1%), and anticipated postoperative pain (71.7%). Mean anxiety scores decreased significantly from preoperative (2.58) to postoperative levels (1.03). Significant preoperative associations were found for gender (χ²=35.382, p<0.001) and educational level (χ²=61.999, p<0.001). No significant associations were observed for age, marital status, previous surgery, health insurance, or duration of hospital stay in either perioperative phase.
Conclusion: Preoperative anxiety is common but markedly attenuates after surgery. Targeted psychological and physical preparation, coupled with clear, procedure-specific information addressing identified concerns, may reduce preoperative anxiety and improve perioperative outcomes.

Key words: Perioperative anxiety, elective surgery, HAM-A, Khartoum State.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Alhajjaji RM, Ahmadini RJ, Homedi IA, Mobarki WM, Refaei FM, Alomar AZ. Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354

Web Style

Alhajjaji RM, Ahmadini RJ, Homedi IA, Mobarki WM, Refaei FM, Alomar AZ. Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=288180 [Access: February 21, 2026]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Alhajjaji RM, Ahmadini RJ, Homedi IA, Mobarki WM, Refaei FM, Alomar AZ. Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Alhajjaji RM, Ahmadini RJ, Homedi IA, Mobarki WM, Refaei FM, Alomar AZ. Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. RMJ. (2026), [cited February 21, 2026]; 51(1): 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


Harvard Style

Alhajjaji, R. M., Ahmadini, . R. J., Homedi, . I. A., Mobarki, . W. M., Refaei, . F. M. & Alomar, . A. Z. (2026) Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. RMJ, 51 (1), 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


Turabian Style

Alhajjaji, Reham Mohammed, Rana Jabril Ahmadini, Ibrahim Abdallah Homedi, Wajdi Mhammad Mobarki, Fath Mohammed Refaei, and Abrar Zaki Alomar. 2026. Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


Chicago Style

Alhajjaji, Reham Mohammed, Rana Jabril Ahmadini, Ibrahim Abdallah Homedi, Wajdi Mhammad Mobarki, Fath Mohammed Refaei, and Abrar Zaki Alomar. "Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Alhajjaji, Reham Mohammed, Rana Jabril Ahmadini, Ibrahim Abdallah Homedi, Wajdi Mhammad Mobarki, Fath Mohammed Refaei, and Abrar Zaki Alomar. "Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan." Rawal Medical Journal 51.1 (2026), 140-143. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Alhajjaji, R. M., Ahmadini, . R. J., Homedi, . I. A., Mobarki, . W. M., Refaei, . F. M. & Alomar, . A. Z. (2026) Trajectories of perioperative anxiety in elective general surgery: Evidence from three public teaching hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 140-143. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251004092354


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