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Original Research 
RMJ. 2019; 44(3): 618-621


Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students

Momina Fatima, Muhammad Waqas, Usman Tariq, Rabbiya Sarwar, Saleem Ahmad, Muhammad Faizan.


Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study and convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from June to August 2018. A questionnaire with six section and close ended questions was used to determine the effect of breakfast on academic performance of 235 medical students of University of Lahore. Academic performance was measured on the base of each professional year marks and failure in professional year.
Results: Mean age of respondents was 21.35 years. Out of 235 students, 113(48.1%) had breakfast daily and 122(51.9%) did not. P value between breakfast and professional year marks showed that there was no association. However, there was significant association found between breakfast and failure in exam (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was significant relationship between breakfast and education performance. Students who often skip their breakfast feel apathy and lazy during class and fail in professional year.

Key words: Breakfast, academic achievement, physical health, nutrition, cognitive performance.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Fatima M, Waqas M, Tariq U, Sarwar R, Ahmad S, Faizan M. Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. RMJ. 2019; 44(3): 618-621.

Web Style

Fatima M, Waqas M, Tariq U, Sarwar R, Ahmad S, Faizan M. Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=40260 [Access: October 30, 2025].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Fatima M, Waqas M, Tariq U, Sarwar R, Ahmad S, Faizan M. Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. RMJ. 2019; 44(3): 618-621.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Fatima M, Waqas M, Tariq U, Sarwar R, Ahmad S, Faizan M. Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. RMJ. (2019), [cited October 30, 2025]; 44(3): 618-621.


Harvard Style

Fatima, M., Waqas, . M., Tariq, . U., Sarwar, . R., Ahmad, . S. & Faizan, . M. (2019) Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. RMJ, 44 (3), 618-621.


Turabian Style

Fatima, Momina, Muhammad Waqas, Usman Tariq, Rabbiya Sarwar, Saleem Ahmad, and Muhammad Faizan. 2019. Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. Rawal Medical Journal, 44 (3), 618-621.


Chicago Style

Fatima, Momina, Muhammad Waqas, Usman Tariq, Rabbiya Sarwar, Saleem Ahmad, and Muhammad Faizan. "Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students." Rawal Medical Journal 44 (2019), 618-621.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Fatima, Momina, Muhammad Waqas, Usman Tariq, Rabbiya Sarwar, Saleem Ahmad, and Muhammad Faizan. "Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students." Rawal Medical Journal 44.3 (2019), 618-621. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Fatima, M., Waqas, . M., Tariq, . U., Sarwar, . R., Ahmad, . S. & Faizan, . M. (2019) Effect of breakfast on academic performance of medical students. Rawal Medical Journal, 44 (3), 618-621.


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