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Original Research 
RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 600-603


Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children

Iqra Rauf, Hania Farheen, Zara Khalid.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the Backpack load and comparison of ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children.
Methodology: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted in government and private schools of Islamabad & Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to August 2019. Sampling technique employed was non-probability convenience sampling. Spirometry readings were taken with and without backpack.
Results: Out of 382 children, 96 (28.1%) were boys and 286 (74.9%) girls. The mean age was 9.86±0.9 years. The mean weight of bag was 6.46±1.23 kg, whereas the mean weight of backpack as %age of body weight was 21.41±4.86%. There was a statistically significant difference in FVC and PEF with and without carrying backpack (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was significant reduction in pulmonary function parameters (FVC & PEF) after wearing the loaded backpack. Thus, backpack limit guidelines should be practically implemented for ensuring children’s health and safety.

Key words: Children, forced expired volume, respiratory function tests, vital capacity, backpack.


 
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Pubmed Style

Rauf I, Farheen H, Khalid Z. Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 600-603.

Web Style

Rauf I, Farheen H, Khalid Z. Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=44127 [Access: June 28, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Rauf I, Farheen H, Khalid Z. Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. RMJ. 2021; 46(3): 600-603.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Rauf I, Farheen H, Khalid Z. Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. RMJ. (2021), [cited June 28, 2026]; 46(3): 600-603.


Harvard Style

Rauf, I., Farheen, . H. & Khalid, . Z. (2021) Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. RMJ, 46 (3), 600-603.


Turabian Style

Rauf, Iqra, Hania Farheen, and Zara Khalid. 2021. Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (3), 600-603.


Chicago Style

Rauf, Iqra, Hania Farheen, and Zara Khalid. "Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children." Rawal Medical Journal 46 (2021), 600-603.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Rauf, Iqra, Hania Farheen, and Zara Khalid. "Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children." Rawal Medical Journal 46.3 (2021), 600-603. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Rauf, I., Farheen, . H. & Khalid, . Z. (2021) Ventilatory function with and without backpack in school children. Rawal Medical Journal, 46 (3), 600-603.


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