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Original Research 
RMJ. 2011; 36(2): 137-142


Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates

Tehzeeb Zulfiqar, * Farwa Rizvi, ** Samina Jalali, *** S.a Shami, *** Nasira Tasnim, Sarwat Jahan***.


Abstract
Objective
To determine effects of maternal macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates.
Patients and Methods
The study was conducted from April, 2007 to November 2007 at Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. This hospital based Descriptive study was carried out on pregnant women registered at 26 weeks of pregnancy by employing consecutive (non-probability) sampling technique. Dietary history was taken by a semi structured Food Frequency questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall at the time of registration. Written informed consent was obtained.
Results
Mean energy and protein consumption of the pregnant women was 2168.89 Kcal/day and 65.71 g/day respectively in the last trimester of pregnancy. Fat and carbohydrate intake was 73.26 g/day and 306.14 g/day respectively. Maternal energy intake more than the National Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Pakistan showed a highly significant (P = 0.007) increase in the birth weight of the neonates but no increase was seen (P = 0.93) in the maternal weekly weight gain. Maternal fat consumption had a significant positive relation with both the neonatal birth weight (P = 0.005) as well as maternal weekly weight gain (P = 0.03) but carbohydrate consumption was only significantly related to maternal weight gain (P = 0.01).
Conclusion
This study suggests a strong role of maternal diet during pregnancy for optimal newborn weight. (Rawal Med J 2011;36:137-142).

Key words: Macronutrients, maternal weight gain, birth weight.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Zulfiqar T, Rizvi F, Jalali S, Shami S, Tasnim N, Jahan S. Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . RMJ. 2011; 36(2): 137-142.

Web Style

Zulfiqar T, Rizvi F, Jalali S, Shami S, Tasnim N, Jahan S. Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=7887 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Zulfiqar T, Rizvi F, Jalali S, Shami S, Tasnim N, Jahan S. Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . RMJ. 2011; 36(2): 137-142.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Zulfiqar T, Rizvi F, Jalali S, Shami S, Tasnim N, Jahan S. Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . RMJ. (2011), [cited June 27, 2026]; 36(2): 137-142.


Harvard Style

Zulfiqar, T., Rizvi, . F., Jalali, . S., Shami, . S., Tasnim, . N. & Jahan, . S. (2011) Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . RMJ, 36 (2), 137-142.


Turabian Style

Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb, Farwa Rizvi, Samina Jalali, S.a Shami, Nasira Tasnim, and Sarwat Jahan. 2011. Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . Rawal Medical Journal, 36 (2), 137-142.


Chicago Style

Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb, Farwa Rizvi, Samina Jalali, S.a Shami, Nasira Tasnim, and Sarwat Jahan. "Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates ." Rawal Medical Journal 36 (2011), 137-142.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Zulfiqar, Tehzeeb, Farwa Rizvi, Samina Jalali, S.a Shami, Nasira Tasnim, and Sarwat Jahan. "Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates ." Rawal Medical Journal 36.2 (2011), 137-142. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Zulfiqar, T., Rizvi, . F., Jalali, . S., Shami, . S., Tasnim, . N. & Jahan, . S. (2011) Effects of Maternal Macronutrient intake in 3rd trimester of normal pregnancy on the maternal weight gain and neonatal birth weight of full term neonates . Rawal Medical Journal, 36 (2), 137-142.


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