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RMJ. 2017; 42(2): 262-263


How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy

Farjad Afzal, Sidra Manzoor, Asma Afzal.


Abstract
Erb’s palsy is one of the upper brachial plexus palsy in which there is lesion of nerve root C5, C6 and C7 during the birth process. There is prime importance of external rotation in activity of daily life. Self care activity of daily life like combing hairs, hand and face wash, dressing, putting and removing shirts, personal hygiene activities, eating and drinking also need external rotation. Physiotherapists should discover new methods and techniques that help to restore shoulder external rotations in these patients. Surgical reconstruction of nerves, transfer techniques of muscles are modern approaches to obtain optimum external rotation and motor function of arm.

Key words: Shoulder external rotation, Erb’s palsy, brachial plexus palsy, shoulder dystocia.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Afzal F, Manzoor S, Afzal A. How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. RMJ. 2017; 42(2): 262-263.

Web Style

Afzal F, Manzoor S, Afzal A. How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=251145 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Afzal F, Manzoor S, Afzal A. How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. RMJ. 2017; 42(2): 262-263.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Afzal F, Manzoor S, Afzal A. How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. RMJ. (2017), [cited June 27, 2026]; 42(2): 262-263.


Harvard Style

Afzal, F., Manzoor, . S. & Afzal, . A. (2017) How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. RMJ, 42 (2), 262-263.


Turabian Style

Afzal, Farjad, Sidra Manzoor, and Asma Afzal. 2017. How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. Rawal Medical Journal, 42 (2), 262-263.


Chicago Style

Afzal, Farjad, Sidra Manzoor, and Asma Afzal. "How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy." Rawal Medical Journal 42 (2017), 262-263.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Afzal, Farjad, Sidra Manzoor, and Asma Afzal. "How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy." Rawal Medical Journal 42.2 (2017), 262-263. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Afzal, F., Manzoor, . S. & Afzal, . A. (2017) How to restore shoulder external rotation in Erb’s palsy. Rawal Medical Journal, 42 (2), 262-263.


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