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Original Research 
RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 175-179


Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging

Hammad Hassan, Hafiz Danish Altaf, Muhammad Imran Ameer Malik, Atiq Ur Rehman, Saira Khalid, Ahmed Talal.


Abstract
Objective: To determine whether alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers at 4% and 8% (wt%) increase the flexural strength of heat-cured PMMA versus unfilled PMMA, and to assess how artificial aging in saliva (12h, 24h, 7d, 1mo) affects this outcome.
Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at de’ Montmorency College of Dentistry and the University of Lahore from September 2021 to December 2024. Bamboo husks were treated with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to enhance cellulose content, followed by drying and sieving. PMMA and bamboo husk fillers (4% and 8% by weight) were mixed and cured using a water bath method. A total of 110 rectangular specimens were fabricated and tested using a three-point bending test for flexural strength. Samples were artificially aged in artificial saliva at 37°C for 12, 24, 7 days, and 1 month. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and a p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The addition of bamboo husk fillers significantly improved the flexural strength of PMMA. The highest flexural strength was observed in the 8% bamboo filler group (76.10±0.98 MPa), which was significantly greater than both the control group (68.88±1.80 MPa) and the 4% filler group (70.94±1.30 MPa) (p=0.001). Aging further enhanced the strength, with Group C (8% bamboo filler) outperforming Group B (p=0.001) at 7 days and one month.
Conclusion: Alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers significantly improved the flexural strength of heat-cured PMMA, particularly at higher concentrations, offering both immediate and long-term reinforcement benefits.

Key words: Aging, alkali treatment, bamboo husk fillers, fiber reinforcement. flexural strength, PMMA.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hassan H, Altaf HD, Malik MIA, Rehman AU, Khalid S, Talal A. Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 175-179.

Web Style

Hassan H, Altaf HD, Malik MIA, Rehman AU, Khalid S, Talal A. Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=270118 [Access: February 20, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hassan H, Altaf HD, Malik MIA, Rehman AU, Khalid S, Talal A. Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. RMJ. 2026; 51(1): 175-179.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hassan H, Altaf HD, Malik MIA, Rehman AU, Khalid S, Talal A. Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. RMJ. (2026), [cited February 20, 2026]; 51(1): 175-179.


Harvard Style

Hassan, H., Altaf, . H. D., Malik, . M. I. A., Rehman, . A. U., Khalid, . S. & Talal, . A. (2026) Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. RMJ, 51 (1), 175-179.


Turabian Style

Hassan, Hammad, Hafiz Danish Altaf, Muhammad Imran Ameer Malik, Atiq Ur Rehman, Saira Khalid, and Ahmed Talal. 2026. Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 175-179.


Chicago Style

Hassan, Hammad, Hafiz Danish Altaf, Muhammad Imran Ameer Malik, Atiq Ur Rehman, Saira Khalid, and Ahmed Talal. "Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 175-179.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hassan, Hammad, Hafiz Danish Altaf, Muhammad Imran Ameer Malik, Atiq Ur Rehman, Saira Khalid, and Ahmed Talal. "Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging." Rawal Medical Journal 51.1 (2026), 175-179. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hassan, H., Altaf, . H. D., Malik, . M. I. A., Rehman, . A. U., Khalid, . S. & Talal, . A. (2026) Flexural strength of polymethylmethacrylate denture base resin reinforced with alkali-treated bamboo husk fillers and the impact of artificial aging. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (1), 175-179.


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