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Original Research 


Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study

Saadalla Saadalla Abdalla, Eyas Gaffar A. Osman, Sara Elsadig Ibrahem Mohamed, Rafiah Awad Mohamed Adam, Islam Elsiddig Ali Mohammed, Abdalla Mohamedahmed Osman Abdalla, Mohammed Ateeg Abdelrahman Ahmed, Yasmin Abdalla Abdalla, Khalid Rodwan Rodwan, Rosa, Khalil Mohammed Babikir, Ehab M Ahmed.


Abstract
Objective: To assess demographic characteristics, war-related experiences, and health outcomes among Sudanese civilians affected by armed conflict.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 349 Sudanese adults. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 25. Chi-square tests examined associations between displacement, disease prevalence, and social support.
Results: Participants were mainly 18–38 years, 60.2% were males and 51.0% were female, with displacement (77.3%) and witnessing conflict (64.7%) being the most frequent. Physical injuries affected 25.2%, and war‑related illnesses were reported by 40.1%, including chronic diseases (46.4%) and infections (28.6%). Anxiety and stress (43.0%), sleep disturbances (31.5%), and depression (27.2%), with significantly higher anxiety among women (χ² = 16.01, p<0.001) and younger adults (χ² = 4.63, p=0.031). Social support was strongly associated with better quality of life (χ² = 25.88, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Sudanese civilians experience high levels of displacement, property loss, and adverse health outcomes. Strengthening social support systems may improve post-conflict well-being.

Key words: Armed conflict, civilians, Sudan, survivorship, mental, physical, health.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Abdalla SS, Osman EGA, Mohamed SEI, Adam RAM, Mohammed IEA, Abdalla AMO, Ahmed MAA, Abdalla YA, Rodwan KR, Rosa , Babikir KM, Ahmed EM. Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238

Web Style

Abdalla SS, Osman EGA, Mohamed SEI, Adam RAM, Mohammed IEA, Abdalla AMO, Ahmed MAA, Abdalla YA, Rodwan KR, Rosa , Babikir KM, Ahmed EM. Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=302125 [Access: May 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abdalla SS, Osman EGA, Mohamed SEI, Adam RAM, Mohammed IEA, Abdalla AMO, Ahmed MAA, Abdalla YA, Rodwan KR, Rosa , Babikir KM, Ahmed EM. Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abdalla SS, Osman EGA, Mohamed SEI, Adam RAM, Mohammed IEA, Abdalla AMO, Ahmed MAA, Abdalla YA, Rodwan KR, Rosa , Babikir KM, Ahmed EM. Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. RMJ. (2026), [cited May 26, 2026]; 51(2): 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


Harvard Style

Abdalla, S. S., Osman, . E. G. A., Mohamed, . S. E. I., Adam, . R. A. M., Mohammed, . I. E. A., Abdalla, . A. M. O., Ahmed, . M. A. A., Abdalla, . Y. A., Rodwan, . K. R., Rosa, ., Babikir, . K. M. & Ahmed, . E. M. (2026) Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. RMJ, 51 (2), 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


Turabian Style

Abdalla, Saadalla Saadalla, Eyas Gaffar A. Osman, Sara Elsadig Ibrahem Mohamed, Rafiah Awad Mohamed Adam, Islam Elsiddig Ali Mohammed, Abdalla Mohamedahmed Osman Abdalla, Mohammed Ateeg Abdelrahman Ahmed, Yasmin Abdalla Abdalla, Khalid Rodwan Rodwan, Rosa, Khalil Mohammed Babikir, and Ehab M Ahmed. 2026. Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


Chicago Style

Abdalla, Saadalla Saadalla, Eyas Gaffar A. Osman, Sara Elsadig Ibrahem Mohamed, Rafiah Awad Mohamed Adam, Islam Elsiddig Ali Mohammed, Abdalla Mohamedahmed Osman Abdalla, Mohammed Ateeg Abdelrahman Ahmed, Yasmin Abdalla Abdalla, Khalid Rodwan Rodwan, Rosa, Khalil Mohammed Babikir, and Ehab M Ahmed. "Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abdalla, Saadalla Saadalla, Eyas Gaffar A. Osman, Sara Elsadig Ibrahem Mohamed, Rafiah Awad Mohamed Adam, Islam Elsiddig Ali Mohammed, Abdalla Mohamedahmed Osman Abdalla, Mohammed Ateeg Abdelrahman Ahmed, Yasmin Abdalla Abdalla, Khalid Rodwan Rodwan, Rosa, Khalil Mohammed Babikir, and Ehab M Ahmed. "Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study." Rawal Medical Journal 51.2 (2026), 307-311. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abdalla, S. S., Osman, . E. G. A., Mohamed, . S. E. I., Adam, . R. A. M., Mohammed, . I. E. A., Abdalla, . A. M. O., Ahmed, . M. A. A., Abdalla, . Y. A., Rodwan, . K. R., Rosa, ., Babikir, . K. M. & Ahmed, . E. M. (2026) Physical and mental health impacts of armed conflict on civilians in Sudan: A cross-sectional study. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 307-311. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251208084238


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