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2026, Vol: 51, Issue: 2
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Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia

Cia Aprilianti, Antono Suryoputro, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli.


Abstract
Objective: To compare the effects of dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on PMS severity and serum 25(OH)D levels.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental pre-test post-test-controlled design was conducted across three senior high schools from October 2024 to April 2025. A total of 130 girls aged 16–18 years identified with PMS via the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool-Adolescent (PSST-A) screening were assigned to dietary intervention (n=43), sun exposure (n=44), or health education as control (n=43). The interventions lasted eight weeks and included supervised lunch boxes (600–700 kcal/day), sun exposure (30 min, 3×/week), and health education sessions. PMS severity was assessed using the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and serum 25(OH)D levels were measured using ELISA.
Results: Both active interventions achieved significantly higher clinical success rates than education alone (diet: 46.5%, sun: 52.3% vs. control: 11.6%, p<0.001). Median PMS scores decreased by 20.0 and 23.0 points in the diet and sun groups versus 11.0 points in controls (p<0.001). Serum 25(OH)D increased by 1.8 ng/mL in both active groups, while it declined by 2.1 ng/mL in the controls (p<0.001). A strong negative correlation was observed between the 25(OH)D change and PMS reduction (rs=−0.746, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Both interventions effectively reduced PMS severity. Sun exposure yielded a lower NNT (2 vs. 3), making it a practical and low-cost option for tropical school-based health programs.

Key words: Premenstrual syndrome, diet, sun exposure, serum 25(OH)D, adolescent.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Aprilianti C, Suryoputro A, Kartasurya MI, Nurjazuli N. Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836

Web Style

Aprilianti C, Suryoputro A, Kartasurya MI, Nurjazuli N. Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=310378 [Access: May 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Aprilianti C, Suryoputro A, Kartasurya MI, Nurjazuli N. Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Aprilianti C, Suryoputro A, Kartasurya MI, Nurjazuli N. Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. RMJ. (2026), [cited May 26, 2026]; 51(2): 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


Harvard Style

Aprilianti, C., Suryoputro, . A., Kartasurya, . M. I. & Nurjazuli, . N. (2026) Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. RMJ, 51 (2), 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


Turabian Style

Aprilianti, Cia, Antono Suryoputro, Martha Irene Kartasurya, and Nurjazuli Nurjazuli. 2026. Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


Chicago Style

Aprilianti, Cia, Antono Suryoputro, Martha Irene Kartasurya, and Nurjazuli Nurjazuli. "Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Aprilianti, Cia, Antono Suryoputro, Martha Irene Kartasurya, and Nurjazuli Nurjazuli. "Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia." Rawal Medical Journal 51.2 (2026), 418-421. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Aprilianti, C., Suryoputro, . A., Kartasurya, . M. I. & Nurjazuli, . N. (2026) Dietary intervention, sun exposure, and health education on premenstrual syndrome severity and serum 25(OH)D among adolescent girls in Palangka Raya, Indonesia. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 418-421. doi:10.5455/rmj.20260213091836


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