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The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators

Ali Mahzari, Ali Alghamdi, Said Alzahrani, Nahed Mejamimi, Mazen Almajed, Mohammed Alshehri, Ali Zaeri, Mosleh Alshomrani, Faiz Alghamdi, Sameer Alshahrani.


Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of diabetes management strategies on glycemic control and organ health, evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and the development of complications, and identify factors influencing these outcomes.
Methodology: This prospective cohort study included 165 diabetes patients and data were collected included HbA1c for glycemic control, creatinine and urea for renal function, lipid profiles for cardiovascular risk, and liver enzymes for hepatic function. The cohort predominantly consisted of older adults (35.8% aged 61+ years), with 39.9% having diabetes-related complications at baseline.
Results: The study found improved glycemic control, evidenced by a significant HbA1c reduction of 0.67% from an average of 8.5% to 7.2%, and favourable lipid trends (triglycerides: -0.15 mmol/L, cholesterol: -0.38 mmol/L, LDL: -0.42 mmol/L). However, renal function declined, with increases in creatinine (+1.71 µmol/L) and urea (+0.21 mg/dL), and liver enzymes rose (ALT: +1.69 U/L, AST: +2.18 U/L). Strong correlations between baseline and follow-up markers (creatinine: r=0.65; ALT: r=0.60) indicated persistent patterns in organ health. These trends highlight the dual challenge of achieving metabolic gains while facing escalating risks to renal and liver health.
Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort, comprehensive diabetes management was associated with significantly improved glycemic control and favorable lipid trends. However, we observed concurrent increases in biomarkers of renal and hepatic function, highlighting a dual clinical challenge. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating multi-organ health surveillance into standard diabetes care.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, organ health, HbA1c, renal function, liver enzymes, lipid profile.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Mahzari A, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani S, Mejamimi N, Almajed M, Alshehri M, Zaeri A, Alshomrani M, Alghamdi F, Alshahrani S. The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942

Web Style

Mahzari A, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani S, Mejamimi N, Almajed M, Alshehri M, Zaeri A, Alshomrani M, Alghamdi F, Alshahrani S. The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. https://www.rmj.org.pk/?mno=294791 [Access: May 26, 2026]. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mahzari A, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani S, Mejamimi N, Almajed M, Alshehri M, Zaeri A, Alshomrani M, Alghamdi F, Alshahrani S. The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. RMJ. 2026; 51(2): 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mahzari A, Alghamdi A, Alzahrani S, Mejamimi N, Almajed M, Alshehri M, Zaeri A, Alshomrani M, Alghamdi F, Alshahrani S. The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. RMJ. (2026), [cited May 26, 2026]; 51(2): 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


Harvard Style

Mahzari, A., Alghamdi, . A., Alzahrani, . S., Mejamimi, . N., Almajed, . M., Alshehri, . M., Zaeri, . A., Alshomrani, . M., Alghamdi, . F. & Alshahrani, . S. (2026) The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. RMJ, 51 (2), 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


Turabian Style

Mahzari, Ali, Ali Alghamdi, Said Alzahrani, Nahed Mejamimi, Mazen Almajed, Mohammed Alshehri, Ali Zaeri, Mosleh Alshomrani, Faiz Alghamdi, and Sameer Alshahrani. 2026. The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


Chicago Style

Mahzari, Ali, Ali Alghamdi, Said Alzahrani, Nahed Mejamimi, Mazen Almajed, Mohammed Alshehri, Ali Zaeri, Mosleh Alshomrani, Faiz Alghamdi, and Sameer Alshahrani. "The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators." Rawal Medical Journal 51 (2026), 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mahzari, Ali, Ali Alghamdi, Said Alzahrani, Nahed Mejamimi, Mazen Almajed, Mohammed Alshehri, Ali Zaeri, Mosleh Alshomrani, Faiz Alghamdi, and Sameer Alshahrani. "The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators." Rawal Medical Journal 51.2 (2026), 379-382. Print. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mahzari, A., Alghamdi, . A., Alzahrani, . S., Mejamimi, . N., Almajed, . M., Alshehri, . M., Zaeri, . A., Alshomrani, . M., Alghamdi, . F. & Alshahrani, . S. (2026) The impact of diabetes management on glycemic control and organ health: A longitudinal analysis of health indicators. Rawal Medical Journal, 51 (2), 379-382. doi:10.5455/rmj.20251105075942


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